Coffee grounds contain nitrogen and so can help stimulate growth in any plants, not just roses. If you want to scatter coffee grounds around your rose bushes, it’s not going to hurt. However, as with any nitrogen source, you’ll want to pay attention to the effect of the coffee grounds on your rose bushes. Many natural sources release nitrogen more slowly than agricultural/commercially-available nitrogen.
Also, keep in mind that coffee grounds may attract other types of pests to your garden. However, we haven’t heard of any really negative consequences, other than a craving for a cup of Joe while gardening!